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Risk of Bias Assessment Templates
Summary table templates for the three most commonly used tools. Read our tool comparison guide if you're not sure which applies to your studies.
RoB 2 (randomized trials) — per-study summary
| Study | D1: Randomization | D2: Deviations | D3: Missing data | D4: Outcome measurement | D5: Selective reporting | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 | ||||||
| Study 2 |
Rate each domain: Low risk / Some concerns / High risk. Overall rating is generally driven by the worst-rated domain.
ROBINS-I (non-randomized studies) — per-study summary
| Study | Confounding | Selection | Classification | Deviations | Missing data | Measurement | Reporting | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 |
Rate each domain: Low / Moderate / Serious / Critical risk, or No information.
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (cohort/case-control) — per-study summary
| Study | Selection (★ max 4) | Comparability (★ max 2) | Outcome/Exposure (★ max 3) | Total stars (max 9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 |